What about relative corruption? The impact of the relative corruption on the inbound tourism to Turkey

Abstract

This paper examines the impact of corruption on the number of tourist inflows to Turkey from 70 countries for the period from 1996 to 2014. For this purpose, it is the first paper to examine the effects of not only the absolute corruption but also the relative corruption on the tourist arrivals in the literature. By using the fixed effects, the generalized methods of moments, and the Hausman-Taylor estimations, we find that level of the relative corruption negatively affects the inbound tourism to Turkey.