Adaptation and Validation of the Turkish Version of a Single-Item Food Choice Questionnaire

Abstract

Objectives: The single-item Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ) is a self-reported instrument with 11 dimensions to assess food choice motives alternative to the multi-item FCQ. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the questionnaire. Materials and Methods: In phase 1, forward-backwards translation, cognitive debriefing with thirty participants, and content validity with ten experts were carried out. In phase 2, the psychometric properties were evaluated through a cross-sectional survey. A total of 350 responses were analyzed for convergent validity by comparing dimensions of single-item and multi-item FCQs. The questionnaire was reposted after a month, and 50 re-administration data (11.4% retest rate) were examined for test-retest reliability. Results: The eight dimensions of single-item FCQ (health, mood, convenience, sensory, price, weight, and familiar) were correlated with corresponding factors in multi-item FCQ, ranged between 0.431 to 0.646. The three dimensions (environment friendliness, animal friendliness, and social justice) corresponding to a single factor regarding ethical concern in multi-item FCQ were analyzed separately and significantly correlated (0.569, 0.433, and 0.572 respectively). All correlations were statistically significant at p <0.001 significance level. The Pearson’s correlations of test-retest analysis ranged from r = 0.407 to 0.673 (p = 0.000). The intraclass correlation coefficient values ranged between 0.581 to 0.796, indicating moderate to good reliability for all dimensions. The sensory appeal, convenience, and price dimensions were the most crucial motives. Conclusion: The results indicate that the single-item FCQ is a valid alternative instrument in the Turkish population.