The Relationship between Health Literacy, Self-Efficacy, Health Perception and Perceived Service Quality in Primary Care Patients with Chronic Disease

Abstract

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between health literacy, self-efficacy, health perception, and perceived service quality in patients with chronic diseases who applied to primary healthcare services. Materials and Methods: Seven hundred and eighty-two (495 female, mean age; 55.39±18.39 years) participants with chronic diseases were included. Health literacy and health perception were evaluated using Turkish Health Literacy Scale-32 (THLS-32), and Health Perception Scale (HPS), respectively. Self-Efficacy Scale on Chronic Diseases (SESCD) was used to assess self-efficiency level and SERVPERF scale was assess the perceived service quality. Results: There were significant relationships between THLS-32, age, SERVPERF, and SESCD (p<0.05). HPS was significantly correlated with age, the number of chronic diseases, and SERVPERF (p<0.05). THLS-32, HPS, age, and the number of chronic diseases explained a significant amount of variance in all subscales of SESCD (p<0.05), describing 9.7% to 16.5% of the adjusted R2. Health literacy, health perception, age, and the number of chronic diseases explained a significant amount of variance in all subscales of SERVPERF (p<0.05), describing 4.4% to 8.1% of the adjusted R2. Conclusion: This study found that health literacy, age, and the number of chronic diseases were predictors of self- efficacy; in addition, health literacy, health perception, age, and the number of chronic diseases were predictors of perceived service quality in patients with chronic diseases. Age and number of chronic diseases are non-modifiable factors for the level of self-efficacy and perceived service quality whereas health literacy can be improved.