Şia'da İmamet Meselesi ve Egemenlik

Abstract

Diğer inanç sistemleri gibi İslam dini içinde de zamanla bazı farklı yollar oluşmuştur. Bu yollar mezheplerdir. Dinler ve mezhepler toplumların kültürlerine ve siyasal anlayışlarına yansır. İslam anlayışının da İslamiyet’e inanan toplumlara şekil veren egemenlik ve siyasal kültürü vardır. İslam’ın farklı mezheplerine inanan toplumlardan oluşan devletler, farklı egemenlik anlayışına sahiptir. Bu makale, İslam dininin bir mezhebi olan Şia’nın ortaya çıkışı, inanç felsefesi, Şia’nın bazı fırkaları ve nihayet siyasal anlayışı ile bu anlayışın egemenlik biçimine nasıl yansıdığı hakkında bir araştırmadır.Some different paths occured also in Islamic religion like other belief systems over time. These different paths are sects. Religions and sects reflect in the cultures and political understandings of societies and thus shape understanding of leadership and sovereignty of societies. Islamic understanding too, has a sovereignty and political culture that gives a shape Muslim societies. The states established by societies that believe in different sects of Islam have acquired an understanding of sovereignty in the direction their sect’s beliefs. Shia, on of the secst of Islamic religion has a unique understanding of sovereignty because of imamate belief. The difference of the Shia sect’s sovereignty stems from the belief that the leadership shouldn’t be left to the election of the ummah and that the leadership has come with a divine provision. The leader in Shia is the imam from Ali’s progeny and his authority can not be questioned for reasons such us wisdom, innocence, virtue. The purpose of this article is to explain the imamate issue in Shia and the understanding of Shia’a sovereignty. The article is about the emergence of Shia, a sect of Islamic religion and the philosophy of the belief, the division of the arms, and some parties of Shia and finally Shia’s political understanding and, how this understanding has reflected the form of sovereignty.