Evaluation of heart rate recovery in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome

Abstract

Background/aim: Abnormal heart rate recovery after an exercise stress test is a strong predictor of cardiovascular death in healthy subjects and various patient groups. The aim of the present study was to investigate heart rate recovery (HRR), a cardiovascular risk factor, in patients with primary nephrotic syndrome (NS). Material and Methods: Forty patients with primary NS (mean age 39.6 +/- 9.3 years) and 42 healthy subjects (mean age 36.0 +/- 7.9) were included in the study. HRR was calculated by subtracting the heart rates in the first, second, and third minutes of the recovery period from the maximum heart rate, reached during the exercise stress test. Results: The HRR in the first minute was significantly slower in the NS group compared with the control group (25.5 +/- 10.1 and 32.4 +/- 11.1, respectively; p = 0.004). The HRR in the second and third minutes was also slower in the NS group, but the difference was not statistically significant. When a comparative analysis of HRR and the etiology of NS was carried out, no difference was found at any time point. Conclusions: Impaired first minute HRR was identified in patients with NS. This suggests that primary NS patients should be monitored due to the potential increased risk of cardiovascular disease.