Comparison of ELISA and IFA Tests for Serological Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) in 0-18 Year Age Group

Abstract

Introduction: EBV infection is a common condition usually characterized by an asymptomatic course. Its diagnosis is gaining importance due to the increasing number of immunosuppressive patients. This study aimed to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test in detection of EBV VCA IgG when IFA is considered the reference standard. In addition, the agreement between the two tests was examined. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 children admitting to the outpatient clinics between March and June 2003 were included in this study. Sixty-five had sore throat, cervical lymphadenopathy and fever whereas 35 were children without these signs and symptoms who admitted for other reasons. Patients were evaluated for the presence of EBV VCA IgG. The specificity and sensitivity of ELISA method were estimated in reference to IFA, and the agreement between the two methods was examined. Results: EBV VCA IgG was positive in 83 (83%) cases and 74 (74%) cases using IFA and ELISA methods, respectively. In 10 cases, EBV VCA IgG was positive on IFA examination, whereas negative with ELISA. In one case with positive ELISA test, serology was negative with IFA examination. Thus, when IFA method was taken the reference, ELISA method had 88% and 94% sensitivity and specificity in detecting EBV VCA IgG, respectively. Conclusion: Findings of this study indicates that the two methods are in agreement for detecting EBV VCA IgG positivity. ELISA appears to be an alternative for IFA for the assessment of EBV VCA IgG serology.