Phytotherapy: Considerations for athletes and athletic trainers

Abstract

Recently, the increased availability and popularity of herbal supplements have created an environment of misinformation for both patients and healthcare providers. The rich bioactive compounds found in plants, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenes, and glycosides, have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and immune-boosting effects. Each plant possesses a unique chemical structure and therapeutic properties. Notably, many plants contain antioxidant components that prevent cell damage and slow down the aging process. Research has demonstrated that these properties play a significant role in preventing chronic diseases and contributing to a healthy lifestyle. Taraxacum officinale exhibits antidiabetic effects, while Panax ginseng enhances physical and mental performance. Studies indicate that these plants have a wide range of potential effects due to the diverse and numerous bioactive compounds they contain. Zingiber officinale and Taraxacum officinale are effective in addressing digestive issues. Additionally, Curcuma longa stands out for its antiinflammatory properties, Hypericum perforatum for its antidepressant effects, Achillea millefolium for promoting vitality, Tribulus terrestris for improving sexual health and performance, Urtica dioica for its anti-inflammatory and detoxifying effects, Rhodiola rosea for stress reduction, and Echinacea purpurea for boosting immunity. Of course, the effects of these herbal products on human health are not limited to the benefits mentioned above. All individuals using these products, particularly athletes and athletic trainers, must be able to identify their effectiveness and potential risks, as well as select the appropriate products and dosages. It's important to recognize that, despite their many benefits, these products can have adverse effects ranging from mild to life-threatening when used irresponsibly. Athletes tend to use herbal supplements more than non-athletes. Therefore, professional athletes, particularly those who are involved in sports competitions and have to exercise healthily, must pay attention to the warnings of their doctors and athletic trainers when using herbal supplements in order not to negatively affect their performance. This review aims to assess the health benefits and potential adverse effects of commonly used herbal products and offer relevant recommendations.