Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Recurrence

Abstract

Aim: Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasia of gastrointestinal system. Radical surgery with negative margin is the most important step for treatment of GIST. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors for recurrence in patients who underwent surgery with diagnosis of GIST. Secondary aim was to reveal the factors that affect survival. Materials and Methods: The data of 28 GIST patients who underwent surgery in our clinic between January 2013 and August 2019 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients preoperative radiological images, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were noted. Results: Eighteen patients were male, and ten patients were female. Median age was 64.5 (range; 50- 87). Twenty-six patients (92.2%) underwent open surgery and 2 patients (7.1%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Fifteen (53.6%) of the 28 tumors were located in the stomach, 10 (35.7%) in the small intestine, 2 (7.1%) in the duodenum and 1 (3.6%) was located multifocal. Mean tumor diameter was 10.1 cm (range; 0.5-21). The number of patients with recurrence was 5 (17.9%). Tumor with necrosis, tumor located in an organ other than the stomach, and the high number of tumor mitosis revealed a significant difference for recurrence. In addition, large tumor size revealed significant statistical difference for recurrence. The median follow-up period was 26 (3-60) months. Necrosis of tumor and tumor type were the factors that significantly shortened survival. Conclusion: In this study which we examined the GIST recurrence, it was observed that tumor size, tumor necrosis, increased number of mitosis and tumors located in an organ other than stomach are risk factors for recurrence. In this study which we examined GIST recurrence, tumor size, tumor necrosis, increased number of mitoses and tumors located in an organ other than the stomach are found to be risk factors for recurrence. It was observed that the factors affecting the survival times, which are the secondary aim of the study, were cell type and tumor necrosis.