Comparison of Risk Factors and Neonatal Outcomes in Early-Onset and Late-Onset Preeclampsia

Abstract

Objective: To compare the maternal risk factors and early neonataloutcomes in early-onset and late-onset preeclampsia.Material and Methods: In our hospital, patients diagnosed withpreeclampsia were evaluated retrospectively. The patients were dividedinto two groups as early onset preeclampsia (?34 weeks) and late onsetpreeclampsia (>34 weeks). Statistical analyses were used to comparedemographic data, maternal risk factors and neonatal outcomes betweenthe two groups.Results: Out of 92 patients, 45 (49%) were in the early onset preeclampsiaand 47 (51%) were in the late onset preeclampsia groups. Cesareandelivery and intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) rates were significantlyhigher in the early onset preeclampsia group (p=0.01, p=0.025). High bodymass index was an independent risk factor for late onset preeclampsia inthe logistic regression analysis (p=0.012). Neonatal morbidities andhospitalization rates in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) weresignificantly higher in the early onset preeclampsia group (p<0.05,p=0.005, respectively). In addition, in the logistic regression analysis, itwas found that early onset preeclampsia significantly increased the risksof IUGR (OR 2.96; 95% CL: 1.12–7.81), being small for gestational age (OR2.5; 95% CL: 1.05–5.95), respiratory distress syndrome (OR 15.35; 95% CL:3.06–76.99), patent ductus arteriosus (OR 11.43; 95% CL: 1.36–96.16) andhospitalization in the NICU (OR 2.48; 95% CL: 1.06–5.77).Conclusion: Early-onset preeclampsia was found to be an important riskfactor for adverse neonatal outcomes while high body mass index duringpregnancy was associated with late-onset preeclampsia.