A Novel Color Doppler Ultrasound Artifact for Identifying Breast and Axilla Tumor Markers: Blooming-like Artifact

Abstract

Rationale and Objectives: Detection of tumor marker location in the breast and axilla using a less commonly utilized color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) artifact. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted between August and December 2023 and included consecutive patients with markers placed in the breast and axilla, both before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). Examinations were conducted using a 14 to 5 MHz linear array transducer with B-mode and Doppler capability. By reducing the velocity scale and increasing the color gain values, adjustments were made to create a bloom-like artifact. CDUS was performed with the ultrasound transmit frequency set between 14-5 MHz, color frequency between 6 and 7, color gain ranging from 58 to 80, and velocity scale within the range of 4.6-6.1 cm/s. Results: Twenty patients, with a mean age of 55.50 years +/- 12.04 SD (range, 31-72), were included in the study. 14 (70%) were preNACT, and six (30%) were post-NACT patients. A total of 20 breast lesions and six axillary lymph nodes were marked. The breast lesions and axillary lymph nodes where the biopsy marker was placed (14 breast lesions and five axillary lymph nodes before NACT, six breast lesions and one axillary lymph node after NACT) were localized with blooming-like artifact. The average size of breast lesions was 20.95 mm +/- 6.56 SD (range, 15-40). For axillary lymph nodes, the average size was 20.63 mm +/- 5.01 SD (range: 31-14). Conclusion: The blooming-like CDUS artifact is a novel and easily applicable method determining the location of metallic markers in the breast and axilla on diagnostic examinations.