Functional and nutritional effects of mandibular two-implant overdentures in edentulous adults: A prospective clinical study

Abstract

Purpose Edentulism is associated with impaired masticatory function and nutritional deficiencies, particularly in older adults. Implant-supported overdentures have been suggested as a prosthetic intervention to enhance chewing ability and improve dietary intake. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of mandibular two-implant overdentures on chewing ability, dietary intake, and nutritional status in edentulous middle-aged and older adults. Materials and Methods A prospective clinical study was conducted with 35 edentulous participants aged 50 years and older. Participants were assessed at four time points: baseline (T0), 3 months after receiving immediate complete dentures (T1), 3 months after transitioning to implant-supported overdentures (T2), and 6 months postimplant-supported overdenture placement (T3). Anthropometric measurements, 24-h dietary recall, and chewing ability assessments were performed at each time point. Results Implant-supported overdentures significantly improved chewing ability and increased the intake of vitamins A, C, K, and folate (p < 0.05). However, body weight (F = 6.27, p = 0.001), body mass index (BMI; F = 6.31, p = 0.001), and mid-upper arm circumference (F = 6.89, p < 0.001) showed significant reductions over time. Participants with chewing difficulties consumed higher energy and protein but tended to avoid nutrient-dense foods. Conclusions While mandibular two-implant overdentures enhance chewing ability and dietary intake, they do not fully address nutritional deficiencies. A multidisciplinary approach integrating dietary counseling with prosthetic rehabilitation is recommended to optimize nutritional outcomes in edentulous adults.