The Effects of the Qira at thupy Practices of the II-IV Century of Hijra on the Qira'at Intijaj Practices of the Later Period: A Study on Nashr Al-Qtra at al-Ashr

Abstract

The concept of ihtijaj, which means to justify anything, has emerged along with the debates caused by the differences in ada'. The concept of ihtijaj refers to the presentation of the scientific basis for the varieties that arise in the science of qira'at with respect to the qurra' with ' with various arguments. The literature in which ihtijaj of qira'at 'were included appeared at the end of the 2 nd century of hijra, and in addition ihtijaj enforcements were also included in the general literature of qira'at.As a matter of fact, the possible delusions that may arise in the minds of the interlocutors due to variant readings of the Qur'an are intended to be dispelled by the practices ihtijaj of qira'at, with the aim of clarifying the scientific basis of the relevant of the qira'at 'at variants. In this context, one of the practices in the traditions of ma'ani 'ani al-Qur'an 'an that emerged in the 2nd century of hijra and ma'ani al-qira'at that emerged in the 4th century of hijra is the ihtijaj of qira'at. 'at. Thus, Ibn al-Jazari, likewise, in his work Nashr al-qira'at al-'ashr, in which the variants of qira'at are presented, occasionally makes applications of ihtijaj by justifying the variant readings of the Qur'an. 'an. Although there are studies on ihtijaj of qira'at 'at among the modern period studies, there are not quite studies on the ihtijaj practices in Ibn al-Jazari's Nashr. As a matter of fact, as far as can be ascertained, there is a study titled en-Nesr Baglaminda Ibnu'l-Cezeri'nin Kiraatleri Delillendirme ve Degerlendirme Metodu conducted by Mehdi Dahim on the ihtijac practices in Ibn al-Jazari's Nashr. . However, in this study, it was observed that let alone the qira'at 'at literature, regarding the ihtijaj of qira'at, the literature of ma'ani al-Qur'an and ma'ani al-qira'at were not used, and it was determined that other Islamic disciplines such as tafsir and Arabic language were not utilized sufficiently. For this reason, we believe that the aforementioned work of Dahim is insufficient. In this study, the comparison of the qira'at ihtijaj, which emerged in the context of Ibn al-Jazari's Nashr, with the ma'ani 'ani al-Qur'an and ma'ani 'ani al-qira'at literature has been revealed. From this point of view, this study aims to examine Ibn al-Jazari's ihtijaj practices in the context of Nashr al-qira'at al-'ashr and to investigate the influence of the works belonging to the traditions of ma'ani 'ani al-Qur'an 'an and ma'ani 'ani al-qira'at 'at written between the second and fourth centuries of the Hijra on Ibn al-Jazari's tawjihs. This study attempts to identify the materials utilized in the ihticaj of qira'at 'at in Nashr al-qira'at 'al-'ashr, and then compares the examples of ihtijaj in usul and farsh al-huru;f chapters of Nashrwith with the ihtijaj enforcements of the predecessor scholars/salaf 'ulema. Furthermore, although this study also draws while the literature of tafsir and hujjat al-qira'at 'at are also consulted, the main focus of this study is on the early examples Nashr al-qira'at al-'ashr, 'at al- 'ashrmaani al-Qur'an, and ma'ani al-qira'at/hujjat 'at/hujjat al-qira'at. In the first step of the study, the elements utilized in the justification of the variants of qira'at in Nashr are discussed. In the next stage, four samples selected from the usu;l and farsh al-huru;f chapters Nashr were nature in Abu; Zakariyya Yahya b. Ziyad b. 'Abdillah al-Farra''sMa'ani 'ani al-Qur'an, Abu; 'Ubayda Ma'mar 'mar b. al-Musanna anna al-Taymi's Majaz al-Qur'an, Abu; al-yasan Sa'id 'id b. Mas'ada 'ada alMujashi'i 'i al-Balhi Ahfash al-Awsat's Ma'ani 'ani al-Qur'an, Abu; Ja'far Ahmad b. Muhammad b. Isma'il al-Muradi al-Nahhas' Ma'ani al-Qur'an al-Karim,Abu; Ishaq Ibrahim b. al-Sari b. Sahl al-Zajjaj's called Ma'ani al-Qur'an and i'rabuhu; 'rabuhu; early period ma'ani 'ani al-Qur'an works, and Abu; Mansu;r Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Azhari's Kitab Ma'ani 'ani al-qira'at and Abu; 'Abdillah al-yusayn b. Ahmad b. Halawayh al-Hamadani's called al-'ujja fi al-qira'at al-sab ma'ani al-qira'at 'at works has been compared. Thus, it was examined whether the ihtijaj practice in these works affected the ihtijaj practices in Nashr. As a result of the study, it is to be observed that in Nashr al-qira'at al-'ashr, 'ashr the variant readings of qira'atare based on the Arabic language, rasm al-mushaf, etc. In addition, it has been found that some of the qira'at 'at tawjihs made in Nashr were mostly not mentioned in the writings of ma'ani 'ani al-Qur'an 'an and ma'ani 'ani al-qira'at 'at written in these three centuries. It was found that some of the examples of ihtijaj practices in the work in question were not included in the works of ma'ani al-Qur'an and ma'ani al-qira'at 'at written in the 2nd-4th centuries of Hijra, and some of them were generally not mentioned by the authors in terms ihtijaj. While in the works belonging to these literature Abu; 'Ubayda al-Taymi and al-Azhari did not include the relevant examples, Nehhas and Ahfash al-Awsat refer to the discipline of ihtijaj one example, and Zajjaj and al-Farra' in two examples. As a result, it has been understood that the data obtained in the works utilized in the comparison of ihtijaj and the practices made Nashr are similar. Another point is that the data related to the subject in the commentary works referenced in the research are similar to those in Nashr. In addition, Ibn al-Jazari made the tawjih of qira'at 'at in the 156th verse of the Su;rat al 'Imran, where there is no qira'at 'at variant, and in the compared works, it has not been found a presumption that has justified the of the relevant word in the 156th verse of the Surat al 'Imran