Exploring the Relationship Between Obesity and Social Isolation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to examine the prevalence of social isolation among individuals with obesity and to identify the key factors associated with increased isolation risk in this population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Istanbul, Türkiye, at the obesity outpatient clinic of a tertiary healthcare institution. A total of 276 adult patients participated in the study between January and June 2023. Data were collected using a researcher-developed Case Report Form covering sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and the Turkish version of the Social Isolation Scale, which includes 14 items measuring various emotional aspects of isolation. Higher scores indicate greater levels of social isolation. Results: A total of 12.3% of participants were found to experience social isolation. Higher isolation scores were significantly associated with female gender (r=0.14), being over 35 years old (r=0.12), unemployment (r=0.15), having a psychiatric condition (r=0.12), low physical activity (r=0.13), and higher BMI classification (r=0.18). The history of childhood obesity was also linked to increased isolation scores. Emotional indicators such as self-pity and detachment from life were more prominent than overt social exclusion. Conclusion: The findings highlight the potential social implications of obesity and indicate that assessing social isolation may be a relevant aspect of comprehensive obesity management. Interventions that include psychosocial support—particularly for groups observed to be at higher risk, such as women, unemployed individuals, and those with psychiatric comorbidities—could be beneficial in addressing social isolation and supporting better overall well-being. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.