Evaluation of IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) gingival crevicular fluid levels in periodontal health, gingivitis, and periodontitis

Abstract

Objectives IL-23p19/Ebi3 (IL-39) was described as a new IL-12 family member. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) IL-39 levels in periodontal diseases and health and to correlate them to GCF levels of IL-1 beta and periostin. Materials and methods Sixty-six adult patients were included in the study. The study design was comprised of three groups, each containing 22 individuals: the periodontally healthy (PH), gingivitis (G), and periodontitis (P) groups. The clinical periodontal parameters were recorded and GCF samples were collected from the participants. GCF interleukin (IL)-39, IL-1 beta, and periostin levels were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results GCF IL-1 beta, periostin, and IL-39 levels were higher in the P and G groups than in the PH group (p < 0.001). Positive correlations were detected between all GCF biochemical parameters and clinical periodontal parameters (p < 0.05). In the multivariate generalized linear regression analysis, the P (beta = 37.6, 95% CI = 22.9-52.4) and G (beta = 28.4, 95% CI = 15.8-41) groups were associated with GCF IL-39 levels (p < 0.001). Conclusion IL-39 levels were elevated in the presence of periodontal disease paralleling the increase in IL-1 beta and periostin levels. IL-39 may have a role in the periodontal inflammation process. Statement of clinical relevance IL-39, a new cytokine from the IL-12 family, can be a possible predictor marker of periodontal diseases.