Fibrotic Hypersensitivity Pneumonia: Three Cases Diagnosed Histopathologically

Abstract

Hypersensitivity Pneumonia is a lung disease with two forms – fibrotic and non-fibrotic – which predominantly progress with lymphocytic infiltration and granulomatous inflammation as a result of both humoral and cellular response following the exposure of susceptible individuals to any antigen. In cases with the appropriate clinical features, high-resolution lung tomography can aid the diagnosis. Coarse reticulations with irregular linear opacities/lung distortions, traction bronchiectasis and honeycombing, centrilobular nodules, ground glass densities, mosaic perfusions and air imprisonment areas can be counted among the most significant radiological features. Treatment withdrawal is the basis for corticosteroids or immunosuppressive therapies, while antifibrotic agents hold promise as new treatment options in the future. In the present study, the diagnosis, imaging and treatment characteristics of three cases with Hypersensitivity Pneumonia diagnosed using different histopathological methods are reviewed in the light of current literature.