Family physicians’ perceptions and referral preferences for dermatologists in cutaneous and cosmetic procedures: A nationwide study

Abstract

Background and Design: Dermatologic issues constitute a considerable portion of primary care visits, with a steadily increasing demand for cutaneous and cosmetic procedures. Family physicians (FPs) play a pivotal role in addressing these patients and directing them to the appropriate specialties. However, studies on FPs’ perceptions and referral practices for cutaneous and cosmetic procedures are limited. Materials and Methods: An online survey was created and distributed to FPs working in Türkiye. Participants were asked to provide demographic and professional information and identify the specialists to whom they primarily referred their patients for various procedures. Additionally, participants were asked to indicate whether they had educational needs regarding these procedures and to specify their preferred methods for receiving such training. Results: A total of 387 FPs completed the survey. Dermatologists were the preferred specialists for procedures such as biopsies for suspicious skin and nail lesions (91.7% and 89.4%, respectively), facial and non-facial skin cancer treatments (78.6% and 81.5%, respectively), laser treatments (77.5%), platelet-rich plasma (PRP)/mesotherapy injections (74.9%), botulinum toxin injections (72.9%), hair transplantation (54.8%), and ingrown toenail treatment (35.4%). General and orthopedic surgeons were also favored for the treatment of ingrown toenails (28.9% and 24.5%). Plastic surgeons were predominantly preferred for liposuction (84.5%) and thread application (45%). There were significant differences in the preferences of FPs for certain procedures according to their workplace and level of prior dermatology education. FPs expressed notable educational demands for botulinum toxin injections (62.5%), PRP/mesotherapy (61%), and ingrown toenail treatment (57.6%). Practical training programs were the most preferred method of education (89.6%). Conclusion: This study emphasizes that FPs in Türkiye primarily refer patients to dermatologists for various cutaneous and cosmetic procedures, with other surgical specialists involved in certain cases. Interdisciplinary collaboration and the development of structured training programs are important to ensure patient safety and optimize the referral practices. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.