Sonochemical Synthesis of CoFe2-xNdxO4 Nanoparticles: Structural, Optical, and Magnetic Investigation

Abstract

This investigation deals with CoFe2-xNdxO4 (x <= 0.2) nanoparticles (NPs) fabricated by sonochemically. The purity of all products was verified via X-ray powder diffraction. The crystallite size of the samples was calculated as less 12 nm. The spectral analyses also confirmed the presence of spinel ferrites. Both morphology and chemical purity of the spinel ferrite systems were confirmed by SEM, EDX, and elemental mapping analyses. The analyses of magnetization versus applied magnetic field, M(H), were performed. The following magnetic parameters like saturation magnetization M-s, squareness ratio (SQR = M-r / M-s), magnetic moment n(B), coercivity H-c, and remanence M-r have been evaluated. The M(H) curves revealed the soft ferromagnetic nature for all CoFe2-xNdxO4 NPs. It is showed that the Nd3+ substitutions significantly affect themagnetization data. A decreasing trend in the H-c, M-s, n(B), and M-r values was detected with Nd3+ substitution.