Boron-doped carbon quantum dots: A biocompatible nanoplatform for targeted cancer theranostics

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) have revolutionized biomedical research yet concerns over their metal-based toxicity have fueled the quest for safer alternatives. This study presents boron-doped carbon quantum dots (B-CQDs) as a groundbreaking nanoplatform for targeted drug delivery and bioimaging, as being biocompatible materials. Using a rapid microwave-assisted synthesis, CQDs successfully developed with exceptional fluorescence, high quantum yield, and remarkable stability. When conjugated with the anticancer agent E1, they demonstrated selective cytotoxicity against breast and lung cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues. In vivo biodistribution studies in BALB/c mice revealed using detailed virtual image analysis and visualization that administration routes (IV, IP, PO) emphasized organ-specific accumulation, unlocking potential for precision medicine applications. Strikingly, histopathological analysis confirmed their efficacy and biocompatibility, positioning B-CQDs and anticancer compound E1 as a next-generation theragnostic tool. This study paves the way for safer, more efficient nanocarriers in cancer therapy, merging cutting-edge nanotechnology with precision oncology.