A Scoping Review of Accessory Ossicles in the Hip and Pelvis: Prevalence, Characteristics, and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Objectives This study elucidates recent advancements in the understanding of the etiology, clinical implications, and management of accessory ossicles of the hip, with a particular focus on the relationship between Os Acetabuli (OA) and related conditions. Material and Methods The articles were independently sourced from Scopus, Web of Science (WoS) (SSCI,SCI,HSCI,ESCI), Science Direct, JSTOR, Google Scholar from all databases, and PubMed, iCITE from medical databases. Results Os Acetabuli is detected in less than 5% of the general population, although the prevalence rates vary significantly depending on demographic factors, age, and genetic predispositions. Reported rates range from 1% to 23.5%, with a prevalence 2.2 times higher in males compared than in females. Ossicle size was significantly correlated with symptoms of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) (p < 0.001), and a significant association was observed between acetabular margin fractures and FAI (83.33%; p < 0.001). The ossicle types included labral calcifications (55.09%), margin fractures (35.73%), unfused ossification centers (1.24%), and loose bodies (7.94%). Notably, the prevalence was approximately 8.65% in symptomatic patients and 3.33% in asymptomatic individuals. Conclusion Surgical decisions, including excision versus fixation, are influenced by the degree of coverage and the ossicle dimensions. These findings indicate that OA is more prevalent in symptomatic patients, with larger ossicles more frequently associated with symptoms such as hip pain and restricted motion. Additionally, other accessory ossicles of the hip are typically asymptomatic but can occasionally cause pain or other symptoms.