Cyber-Victimization /Bullying Among Turkish Adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract

Cyberbullying is a form of deviant behavior, acknowledged as a worldwide mental health issue. Few studies have investigated cyberbullying among youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a population susceptible to bullying, and associated factors. In this study, we aimed to explore frequency and related factors of cybervictimization/bullying among adolescents with ADHD. We included 92 clinically referred adolescents (14.37 +/- 1.78 years) with ADHD. Revised Cyberbullying Inventory and a semi-structured diagnostic interview were used to assess cybervictimization/bullying and psychiatric disorders respectively. 38% of participants (n = 35) were defined as cybervictims and 35.9% (n = 33) as cyberbullies. The symptoms of anxiety and problematic internet use were more severe, and social phobia was more frequent among cybervictims than non-cybervictims. Cybervictimization was associated with being overweight, having generalized anxiety disorder and online gaming. Parent-rated inattention, hyperactivity, and defiant behaviors were significantly more severe and internet addiction scores were higher in cyberbullies compared to non-cyberbullies. Cyberbullying was associated with having generalized anxiety disorder, more severe problematic internet use, and downloading programs. Per our study, a major component of clinical assessment must include questions related to social experiences on the internet. This recommendation is especially valid for adolescents with ADHD with anxiety disorders, high body mass index, and online gamers.